Abstract

Most countries and territories have declared a carbon neutrality goal by 2050. To reduce carbon emissions, active development and research are being conducted on electric/hydrogen cars, renewable energy, and smart-grid systems. However, despite the fact that the amount of carbon absorbed by nature accounts for half of the total anthropogenic emissions, carbon-climate interaction research on carbon sinks is insufficient to estimate the potential impact of nature-based climate solutions. Earth system modellings are useful tools for quantitatively projecting future climate states to produce more accurate scientific facts regarding carbon-climate interaction and feedback. However, it is found that land processes are the leading uncertainty factor in future climate projections. In order to reduce the uncertainty of future climate projections, comparisons between observational and modelled interannual climate variability and relevant terrestrial responses can be good metrics for the evaluation of emergent model fidelity to the global carbon cycle and carbon-climate feedback. Large-scale climate variabilities, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Arctic warming-induced cold waves, Arctic Oscillation, impacts on vegetation, agricultural productivity, and fire activity will be delivered in this seminar. In addition to climate variability’s impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle, it would be discussed carbon sequestration projections under future greenhouse gas warming and land cover land use change scenarios to support enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the nature-based climate solution to mitigate global warming.